Table 1.
Primers used in this study.
Table 2.
Amino acid alterations in GyrA and ParC in fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.
Fig 1.
Sequence analysis of gyrA and parC showing alterations; Alignment: GyrA PA shows Thr-83-Ile in gyrA of all isolates tested, and Alignment: ParC PA shows Ser-87-Leu in parC of 12F, 13F and 14F.
Table 3.
Association of mutations in QRDR region and MIC value against fluoroquinolones.
Fig 2.
PCR based detection of PMQR variants.
Variants qnr gene sequences were PCR amplified using specific primers (Table 1). PCR products were electrophoresed through 1% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized with UV light. The 100 bp DNA ladder (Promega, USA; Catalogue number G2101) indicates the size of PCR products. Lane 2, 6 and 10 represent variant-specific positive controls, and lane 3, 7 and 11 represent negative controls. No isolates were positive in qnrA, qnrB and qnrS specific PCR.