Table 1.
Nutrition comparison of the immunonutrition formulas (per liter).
Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
Fig 1.
Clinical characteristics and comorbidities at discharge by immunonutrition formula group.
HAF, higher L-arginine (18.7 g/L) formula; LAF, lower L-arginine (11 g/L) formula. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001.
Fig 2.
Mean ICU Length of Stay (days) by immunonutrition formula group a.
HAF, higher L-arginine (18.7 g/L) formula; ICU, intensive care unit; LAF, lower L-arginine (11 g/L) formula. ** P < 0.001. a Error bars are 95% confidence intervals for mean. Adjusted mean value estimated via general linear model least squares means function. Adjusted model included the following covariates: (i.e., age category, sex, race, primary insurance payer, admission type, discharge status, hospital bed size and geographic region, EN pattern, nutrition units billed per day, severity of illness, risk of mortality, surgery status, trauma status, septicemia, pneumonia, obesity, congestive heart failure, cancer, complicated diabetes, renal failure, malnutrition, ECMO or tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, rectal tube, days of antidiarrheal medication use, and wound dehiscence/disruption.
Fig 3.
Multivariate regression estimates for ICU length of stay a.
APR DRG, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups Classification System; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EN, enteral nutrition; ICF, intermediate care facility; ICU, intensive care unit; LTC, long-term care facility; ref. = reference group/category; SNF, skilled nursing facility. a After adjustment for covariates, regression-adjusted ICU length of stay was 11% shorter for patients receiving higher L-arginine (18.7 g/L) formula compare with patients receiving lower L-arginine (11 g/L) formula.
Table 3.
Unadjusted data.