Fig 1.
Hypothesized structural model, UoG, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Circles indicate latent variables or error terms or disturbances, rectangles indicate observed variables, single arrows indicate factor loadings or regression coefficients, and double arrows indicate the covariance between latent variables; ADHD = Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, d1-d9 –depression items, AD1-AD6 = ADHD items, S1-S3 = items for Social Support, I_1 –I_7- Insomnia Items, exercise = Physical exercise, year = year of study, cann = cannabis, current_alco = current alcohol, alco = alcohol use, failure = history of academic failure, fam_pych = history of family psychiatric illness, allow- Monthly Allowance, worry = worry about academic performance. Event = history of stressful life event, FEL = family economic level, read and sleep = reading and sleeping hours per day, FE = father education level, ME = mother education level, BO = birth order, PIU = Problematic Internet Use, int1-9 = items for Problematic Internet Use, DPTT = department type and CD = Chronic Disease.
Fig 2.
Initial measurement model with standardized estimates displayed, UoG, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Circles indicate latent variables or error terms, rectangles indicate observed variables, single arrows indicate factor loadings or regression coefficients, and double arrows indicate the covariance between latent variables.
Fig 3.
Full structural model after parceling, UoG, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
AF1-3- represents parcel 1–3 for ADHD, IF1, 1F25, IF34- represents parcel 1–3 for insomnia and d614, d927 and d835 represents parcel 1–3 for depression respectively; exercise = Physical exercise, year = year of study, cann = cannabis, current_alco = current alcohol, alco = alcohol use, failure = history of academic failure, worry = worry about academic performance. Event = history of stressful life event, read and sleep = reading and sleeping hours per day, ME = mother education level, BO = birth order, PIU = Problematic Internet Use, int1-9 = items for Problematic Internet Use, DPTT = department type and CD = Chronic Disease.
Table 1.
Model selection after parceling, UoG, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Fig 4.
Final SEM showing factors associated with PIU, UoG, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Standardized estimates are displayed.
Table 2.
Factors associated with PIU among University of Gondar undergraduate students, northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Unstandardized estimates.