Fig 1.
Research design for the current study.
Table 1.
Sample characteristics on socio-demographics and family functions.
Table 2.
Scale descriptive characteristics: Disengaged, enmeshed, and family communication.
Fig 2.
Family dysfunctions (disengaged), communication, and perceived mental health status: Moderating effect of gender (Model 1).
Note. Socio-demographic factors (race, household annual income, school year, parents’ matiral status, parents’ educational attainment) were controlled. † p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
Fig 3.
Family dysfunctions (enmeshed), communication, and perceived mental health status: Moderating effect of gender (Model 2).
Note. Socio-demographic factors (race, household annual income, school year, parents’ matiral status, parents’ educational attainment) were controlled. † p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.