Table 1.
Demographic and biometric at baselines.
Fig 1.
Change of axial length pre and post pupil dilation.
1A: The paired violin plot depicts the alteration in axial length before and after dilation. The axial length prior to dilation is longer by 0.028 ± 0.007mm compared to after dilation. In other words, contraction of the ciliary muscle leads to an increase in axial length. 1B: The diagram demonstrates the distribution of cases showcasing a reduction in axial length following dilation. The blue dots symbolize cases in which the axial length diminished after dilation, while the red dots represent cases where the axial length expanded. A vast majority of cases (90.4%) featured a decrease in axial length after pupil dilation.
Fig 2.
Force distribution of ciliary muscle contraction on the eye ball.
2A: The finite element model of the eyeball was constructed using ABAQUS software. The ciliary muscle and lens were simplified into a “ciliary muscle-lens complex” The blue color represents the stress condition when the ciliary muscle does not contract. Upon the contraction of the ciliary muscle (change to red color), the tension (depicted in red, yellow, and green) starts from the point of attachment of the ciliary muscle and transmits towards the back of the eye, eventually reaching the posterior pole. 2B: The axial length of the eye extends posteriorly when the ciliary muscles contract.