Fig 1.
Geographical overview of the study area.
The map on the left shows the location of the study area. The map on the right represents the digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area.
Table 1.
Landscape pattern indices used in the study [72].
Fig 2.
Distribution map of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region in 2018.
Fig 3.
Areas of various rural landscape types in Beijing and Tianjin in 2018.
Fig 4.
Landscape indices of various landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region in 2018 at the class level.
Fig 5.
Distribution map of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.
Fig 6.
Areas of various rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.
Fig 7.
Spatial distribution of rural landscapes under conversion in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.
Fig 8.
Conversion of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.
Fig 9.
Changes in landscape pattern indices at the class level in the Beijing-Tianjin region.
Fig 10.
Changes in landscape pattern indices in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.