Table 1.
Comparison of protocols.
Fig 1.
Radio energy consumption model.
Fig 2.
The framework of the proposed CHHFO protocol.
Fig 3.
Fuzzy logic model used in the proposed protocol.
Fig 4.
Membership function for residual energy.
Fig 5.
Membership function for the number of neighbor nodes.
Fig 6.
Membership function for the distance to BS.
Fig 7.
Membership function for probability value.
Table 2.
Fuzzy rules.
Fig 8.
Flowchart of CHHO data transmission.
Fig 9.
Localised exploratory phase collaborative process in CHHO.
Table 3.
Simulation parameters.
Fig 10.
Comparison of the network throughput.
(a) Number of nodes 100; (b) Number of nodes 200; (c) Number of nodes 400.
Fig 11.
Comparison of the number of alive nodes.
(a) Area size is 200m*200m; (b) Area size is 400m*400m; (c) Area size is 800m*800m.
Table 4.
Comparison of FND, HND and LND.
Fig 12.
Comparison of the number of alive nodes.
(a) BS coordinates is (100,100); (b) BS coordinates is (100,200); (c) BS coordinates is (100,250). Comparison of the network energy consumption. (d) BS coordinates is (100,100); (e) BS coordinates is (100,200); (f) BS coordinates is (100,250).