Fig 1.
The mechanism of interaction between urbanization and eco-environment.
Fig 2.
Spatial distribution map of study area.
Reprinted from [(http://www.resdc.cn/DOI),2023.DOI:10.12078/2023010103] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Xu Xinliang], original copyright [January 2023]. Reprinted from [(http://www.resdc.cn/DOI),2023.DOI:10.12078/2023010101] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Xu Xinliang], original copyright [January 2023].
Table 1.
Comprehensive evaluation index system for urbanization and eco-environment based on population, economy, sociology, and space (PESS) and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model.
Table 2.
Subsystem and indicator weights for urbanization and environment.
Table 3.
Coupling relationship and coordinated development types of urbanization and environment.
Table 4.
Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration urbanization and eco-environment index classification table.
Fig 3.
Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization index.
Reprinted from [(http://www.resdc.cn/DOI),2023.DOI:10.12078/2023010101] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Xu Xinliang], original copyright [January 2023].
Fig 4.
Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of eco-environment index.
Reprinted from [(http://www.resdc.cn/DOI),2023.DOI:10.12078/2023010101] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Xu Xinliang], original copyright [January 2023].
Fig 5.
Dynamic relationship between urbanization and eco-environment evolution.
Fig 6.
Coupling relationship and coordinated development types between urbanization and eco-environment in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.
Fig 7.
Dynamic evolution of coupling and coordinated development between urbanization and eco-environment in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2001 to 2020.
Table 5.
Unit root test results.
Table 6.
Cointegration and eigenvalue test results.
Table 7.
Granger causality analysis results.
Table 8.
Impulse response results between urbanization and eco-environment.
Fig 8.
Pulse responses of urbanization and the environment.
(a) Pulse response of environmental subsystem to population urbanization (PU). (b) Pulse response of the PU to the environment subsystem. (c) Pulse response of environmental subsystem to regional urbanization (RU). (d) Pulse response of RU to the environment subsystem. (e) Pulse response of the environmental subsystem to economic urbanization (EU). (f) Pulse response of economic urbanization to the EU subsystem. (g) Pulse response of environmental subsystem to social urbanization (SU). (h) Pulse response of SU to the environment subsystem.
Fig 9.
Variance decomposition of the eco-environment on urbanization.
(a) Variance decomposition of the eco-environment of lnPUs. (b) Variance decomposition of the eco-environment on lnRU. (c) Variance decomposition of eco-environment in lnEUs. (d) Variance decomposition of the eco-environment on lnSU.
Fig 10.
Variance decomposition of urbanization on the eco-environment.
Variance decomposition of urbanization on lnES. (b) Variance decomposition of urbanization on lnEP. (c) Variance decomposition of urbanization on lnER.