Fig 1.
Classification of single-cell subpopulations of EC and identification of marker genes.
(A) UMAP plot of annotated cell types in EC; (B) Bubble plot showing gene expression in six cell clusters; (C) Violin plot showing marker gene expression in EC cell subpopulations; (D) Percentage of each cell subpopulation within all samples (5 patients with EC); (E) Demonstration of the percentage of each subpopulation in EC cell samples.
Fig 2.
Relationship of different cell clusters of EC to estrogen signaling pathways.
(A-B) Differences in enrichment scores for estrogen signaling pathways in different cell subpopulations based on the AddModuleScore function (A) and AUCell package (B); (C) Distribution of three key estrogenic pathways and cell proliferation-promoting genes (including ESR1, CCND1, and CDKN1A) in the EC.
Fig 3.
Response of epithelial cells to estrogen in the EC.
(A) UMAP showed classification into 5 cell subpopulations based on 7,162 epithelial cells; (B) Comparison of the level of early activation of five epithelial cell subpopulations in response to estrogen; (C) Differential expression of estrogen-related gene levels in different epithelial cell subpopulations; (D) Demonstration of enrichment analysis of biological processes of genes in Epi cluster1; (E-F) Distribution of MUC1 (E) and ELF3 (F) genes in EC tissues.
Fig 4.
Response of fibroblasts to estrogen in the EC.
(A) UMAP showed classification into 7 cell subpopulations based on 16,019 fibroblasts; (B) Comparison of the level of early activation of seven fibroblast subpopulations in response to estrogen; (C) Differential expression of estrogen-related gene levels in different fibroblast subpopulations; (D) Demonstration of enrichment analysis of biological processes of genes in Fib cluster3; (E-F) Distribution of B4GALT1 (E) and XBP1 (F) genes in EC tissues.
Fig 5.
Response of endothelial cells to estrogen in the EC.
(A) UMAP showed classification into 4 cell subpopulations based on 3,740 endothelial cells; (B) Comparison of the level of early activation of four endothelial cell subpopulations in response to estrogen; (C) Differential expression of estrogen-related gene levels in different endothelial cell subpopulations; (D) Demonstration of enrichment analysis of biological processes of genes in Endo cluster3; (E-F) Distribution of B4GALT1 (E) and SLC2A1 (F) genes in EC tissues.
Fig 6.
Identification of biomarkers of early response to estrogen in EC.
(A) Screening of DEGs between cell subpopulations (including Epi cluster1, Fib cluster3, and Endo cluster3); (B) Screening of cellular subpopulations for DEGs as well as Stage I and para-cancer tissue genes in EC to identify diagnostic markers; (C) Expression levels of 24 early diagnostic markers of estrogen response in EC and its para-cancer tissues.
Fig 7.
Predictive modeling of early diagnostic markers of estrogen response in EC.
(A-F) Receiver operating characteristic of logistic regression (LR), Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), and neural network (NK).