Fig 1.
Depicted are the reconstructed shore-line and Lisan lake level at 38ka [117].
Fig 2.
Back chamber with chimney, profile of main excavation trench in front.
Fig 3.
Stratigraphy of Hayonim Cave.
Fig 4.
Evident features and all single plotted finds (after [9].
Fig 5.
Code sheet for the analysis.
Plate 1.
Bladelets and core trimming elements.
1, 4–7, 10 D3; 2–3, 8–9 D1-2. 1 enlarged, original size on the left.
Plate 2.
1 D1-2; 2–3 D3.
Fig 6.
Overview of preparation and maintenance types and their place in the operational chain (after [51]).
Plate 3.
1, 3–5, 8, 13 D3; 2, 7, 9, 11 D1-2; 6; 10, 12 D.
Fig 7.
(a) Heatmaps of the total assemblage and only the carinated items for the sublayers of Hayonim Cave D. (b) Profile projections of all single plotted finds in three longitudinal sections through the Hayonim Cave D layer. Note: The profile projections include all finds in the two adjoining square metres, so the points follow the natural topography of the layer resulting in several of them being off the layer borders indicated in the profile.
Table 1.
Composition of the analysed carinated assemblage.
Table 2.
Representation of operational chain phases of the entire carinated assemblage and bladelet assemblage composition as recorded in the attribute analysis.
Fig 8.
Operational chain stages.
Fig 9.
Length values of carinated ‘endscraper’ reduction surfaces.
Plate 4.
1–4, 7 D3; 5–6, 8 D1-2.
Plate 5.
1–4, 6–8 D1-2; 5 D3.
Table 3.
Hayonim Cave D—Carinated ‘endscrapers’.
Fig 10.
Overview of carinated products from Hayonim Cave D.
Plate 6.
1 D; 2–3 D3.
Plate 7.
1–2 D4; 3 D1-2; 4 D3.
Table 4.
Carinated ‘endscraper’ blanks.
Fig 11.
Length of the reduction surface (y) vs. endscraper thickness (x).
a) scatter plot with 95% ellipse, b) linear regression, r = 0.88353, p = 2.02E-24 (black = short carinated, turquoise = short nosed, red = long carinated, dark blue = long nosed, dot = D1/2, plus = D3, triangle = D4).
Fig 12.
Operational chain of carinated ‘endscraper’ reduction.
Schematic representation (top, after [51]) and evidence from Hayonim Cave (bottom).
Fig 13.
Length of the reduction surface.
Plate 8.
1, 3 D1-2, 2, 7 D3, 4–6 D4.
Table 5.
Abrasion of the last negative.
Plate 9.
Carinated endscraper and regular endscraper. 1–5 Carinated endscraper; 6 regular endscraper used for working wet and dry hide.
1–2, 4–5 D3; 3, 6 D1-2.
Table 6.
Carinated burin types.
Table 7.
Configuration of multiple reduction surfaces in carinated burins.
Fig 14.
Length of reduction surface.
Fig 15.
Number of reduction negatives on carinated ‘burins’.
Fig 16.
Number of core tablets on carinated ‘burins’.
Fig 17.
Operational chain of carinated ‘burin’ reduction.
Schematic representation (top, after [51) and evidence from Hayonim Cave (bottom).
Plate 10.
1–3, 7–8 D3; 4, 9 D1-2, 5–6 D4.
Plate 11.
1–2, 4 D3; 3, 6 D1-2; 5 D4.
Plate 12.
1–2, 6 D1-2; 3 D3, 4–5 D4.
Plate 13.
1, 14 D; 2, 12–13 D3; 3, 7–11 D1-2; 4–6 D4.
Fig 18.
Length and width of the last negative on carinated ‘burins’.
Dot = D1/2, + = D3, Square = D4.
Fig 19.
Length and width of reduction surfaces on carinated ‘burins’.
Dot = D1/2, + = D3, Square = D4.
Table 8.
Carinated ‘burins’–abrasion of the last negative.
Table 9.
Multivariate analysis of the attribute analysis of carinated elements.
Plate 14.
1–2, 6 D1-2; 3–5, 7 D3. 1–2, 6–7 enlarged, original size on the left.
Plate 15.
1, 3, 5 D1-2; 2, 4, 6, 9 D3; 7–8 D. 1–8 enlarged, original size on the left.
Plate 16.
1, 4–8 D3; 2 D1-2, 3 D4. 1–8 enlarged, original size on the left.
Fig 20.
Hayonim Cave bladelets (black), retouched bladelets (red) and core reduction surface (blue).
Length and width measures.
Table 10.
Bladelet tools typology.
Table 11.
Typology of technology Hayonim Cave D.
Table 12.
Multivariate analysis of the attribute analysis.
Table 13.
Target products of non-carinated cores.
Fig 21.
Major core types.
Fig 22.
Table 14.
14C Dates of Hayonim Cave D, recalibrated with Oxcal v4.4.4, Intcal20 curve [88, 89].
Fig 23.
Comparison of the reduction efficiency of different operational chains.
a) Ansab 1, Southern Jordan, Early Ahmarian, b) Hayonim Cave D (total), Lower Galilee, Levantine Aurignacian.
Fig 24.
Illustrative comparison of different projectile hafting options.
El Wad point (left), split based bone point (centre) and twisted bladelets (right) and their possible ways of hafting.