Fig 1.
Forest plot of model combinations used for dimethyl fumarate versus teriflunomide primary composite endpoint comparison.
Time to event analysis of DMF versus teriflunomide cohorts compared for the primary composite endpoint. *Separate models by treatment arm, †e.g., matching, stratification. ASAM, average standardised absolute mean difference; ATE, average treatment effect; Cox, Cox proportional hazards regression model; CI, confidence interval; CvMSPE, cross-validated mean square prediction error; DMF, dimethyl fumarate; FMA, frequentist model averaging; IPW, inverse probability weighting; ME, main effects; NA, not applicable; PS, propensity score; rHR, restricted hazard ratio; Tx, treatment; XGB, extreme gradient boosting.
Fig 2.
Attrition diagram for four disease-modifying therapy cohorts generated using inclusion/exclusion criteria.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DMT, disease modifying therapy; PDC, proportion of days covered; MS, multiple sclerosis; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics by disease-modifying therapy cohort.
Fig 3.
Descriptive analyses: Unadjusted incidence of composite endpoint and individual outcomes by disease-modifying therapy cohort.
AHF, acute heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DMF, dimethyl fumarate; MI, myocardial infarction; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
Fig 4.
Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimates of time to first occurrence of composite endpoint.
Results for the dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide cohorts.
Fig 5.
Forest plot for composite endpoint and individual outcome time to event analyses.
This is based on the frequentist model average result for dimethyl fumarate versus teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate versus glatiramer acetate and dimethyl fumarate versus fingolimod. AHF, acute heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DMF, dimethyl fumarate; FIN, fingolimod; GLA, glatiramer acetate; MI, myocardial infarction; rHR, restricted hazard ratio; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TER, teriflunomide.