Fig 1.
Range of plasma electrolyte and biochemical analyte values at t = 0 and 78 hours when paracetamol was dosed orally at 15 mg/kg twice daily in six koalas.
Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank tests demonstrated a significant difference in ALT only (p = 0.03).
Fig 2.
Range of plasma electrolyte and biochemical analyte values at t = 0 and 78 hours when paracetamol was dosed orally at 15 mg/kg twice daily in six koalas.
Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank tests demonstrated a significant difference in total protein only (p = 0.03).
Fig 3.
Semi log graph of paracetamol plasma concentration versus time over the first 24 hours, after oral administration of 15mg/kg to eight koalas (repeated in two koalas [K2 and K4].
The hatched zone is the suggested plasma therapeutic concentration range in humans [8, 23, 24].
Fig 4.
Paracetamol concentration versus time for the oral administration of 15 mg/kg to six koalas for the first 24 hours, followed by trough concentrations just prior to 24, 48 and 72 hour doses.
The 78 hour plasma concentrations are also presented. Each shape represents the same koala’s plasma concentrations. The hatched zone is the suggested plasma therapeutic range in humans [8, 23, 24].
Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic indices of paracetamol when administered orally and subcutaneously, both at 15 mg/kg over 24 hrs.
Fig 5.
Graphs of paracetamol-glucuronide (PG) and paracetamol-sulphate (PS) plasma concentrations versus time over the first 24 hours after oral administration of 15 mg/kg to six koalas.
Fig 6.
Percentage of depletion of paracetamol as a natural log over 60 minutes, at a concentration of 2.5 μM with 0.5 mg/mL of pooled microsomes from each species.
Fig 7.
Chromatograms that demonstrate the absence of the glucuronide metabolite when paracetamol is incubated with common brush-tailed possum, koala or feline microsomes at t = 0 minutes. In contrast to the feline microsome incubation, only the common brush-tailed possum and koala microsome incubations show the formation of the glucuronide metabolite at t = 90 minutes.
BP = incubated with common brush-tailed possum microsomes.
Table 2.
Mean ± SD in vitro half-life and in vitro Clint of paracetamol undergoing a phase II glucuronidation assay (run in duplicates with each species’ microsomes).
Table 3.
Paracetamol oral toxic dose for cat, dog, human and rat.