Fig 1.
Chronology of the major moments for quinoa cultivation in Peru.
Fig 2.
Agroecological zones of the Peruvian Altiplano.
Fig 3.
Location of study communities.
Source: Reprinted from [14], under a CC BY license, with permission from [GADM database], original copyright [2018–2022].
Fig 4.
Landscapes of the Andean agroecosystems around the family farming households.
On the right a picture of terraced plots in Urani. On the left a picture of plots in the plain of Huancho.
Table 1.
Structure of the interview population in the six villages.
Fig 5.
Structure of Andean agroecosystem in ecological levels.
Explanatory correspondence between, on top, the illustration of the physical environment, with photographs of the landscapes according to the altitude (major factor of differentiation of the ecosystems of the Andes), and underneath, the choremes.
Fig 6.
Chorematic physical representation characterizing the six study villages.
Explanatory correspondence between, on the left, the illustration of the physical environment, with photographs of the landscapes according to altitude (major factor of differentiation of the Andean ecosystems), and on the right, the choreme (here for before 1970), with the physical elements retained here: (1) Water source ‐ (2) Pasture ‐ (3) Quinoa cultivation, other crops and fallow ‐ (4) Cordillera. The colored vertical band, from light to dark, represents the altitudinal gradient, from the lake level to the highest peak.
Fig 7.
Physical structures, and different land uses before and after 1970.
Chorematic representation of the physical structures of the different land uses of the Andean environment: top, before 1970; bottom, after 1970. The colored vertical band, from light to dark, represents the altitudinal gradient, from the level of Lake Titicaca to the highest peak.
Fig 8.
Chorematic representation of the socio-territorial dynamics of the Andean environment.
Top, before 1970; bottom, after 1970. The colored vertical band, from light to dark, represents the altitudinal gradient, from the level of Lake Titicaca to the highest peak.
Fig 9.
Chorematic representation of the presence of wild relatives of cultivated quinoa in relation to socio-territorial dynamics.
Top, pre-1970; bottom, post-1970. The colored vertical band, from light to dark, represents the altitudinal gradient from lake level to the highest peak.