Table 1.
Bio-physical characteristics of different agro-ecologies of Nigeria [26, 27].
Fig 1.
(a) DSSAT crop model simulated maize yield for 2017, (b) SPAM yield for 2017, and (c) comparison across the agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. © Authors. Source-Shapefile: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nga-administrative-boundaries.
Fig 2.
Distribution of optimal sowing dates across Nigeria for the period 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.
© Authors. Source-Shapefile: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nga-administrative-boundaries.
Table 2.
Mean optimal sowing dates of maize across the different agro-ecologies in Nigeria for the period, 1981–2019.
Fig 3.
Average long-term changes in sowing dates and their level of significance from 1981–2019 in Nigeria.
© Authors. Source-Shapefile: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nga-administrative-boundaries.
Fig 4.
General direction of average changes in sowing dates from 1981–2019 in Nigeria.
© Authors. Source-Shapefile: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nga-administrative-boundaries.
Fig 5.
Yield penalties from sowing dates by agroecological region and their decadal shifts in sowing dates in Nigeria obtained from the simulation.
© Authors.
Fig 6.
Agro-ecology specific long-term changes in sowing dates for the period 1981 to 2019.
© Authors.
Fig 7.
Comparison of the optimal simulated and reference Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), 2010, maize sowing dates in Nigeria.
© Authors. Source-Shapefile: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nga-administrative-boundaries.