Fig 1.
Pilot cities for the pilot LTCI program in China (2012~2018).
Notes. The chronological order of the pilot cities for the pilot LTCI is as follows: 2012: Qingdao. 2013: Shanghai. 2014: Dongying. 2015: Rizhao, Changchun. 2016: Jinan, Shangrao, Chengde, Songyuan, Jilin, Nntong, Jingmen. 2017: Anqing, Xuzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Linyi, Liaocheng, Tai’an, Linfen, Qiquhar, Chongqing, Ningbo, Mehekou, Tonghua, Baishan, Shihezi, Jiaxing, Suzhou. 2018: Binzhou, Zibo, Heze, Zaozhuang, Yantai, Weihai. The timing and coverage of the pilot cities were determined based on the ploicies published on the government websites of each city.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
Table 2.
Main regression results.
Fig 2.
Dynamic effects of the LTCI on family care received (95%CI).
Table 3.
Balance test results for the PSM-DID model.
Table 4.
Results of the robustness tests.
Table 5.
Placebo tests.
Table 6.
Heterogeneity analysis.
Table 7.
Analysis of influence mechanism.
Table 8.
Impact of LTCI on the health of older adults.