Fig 1.
Asymmetric Causality Model (econ, reso, tran, poli, loca and inco represent local economy, tourism attraction, transportation convenience, policy support, geographic location, and tourism income, respectively).
Fig 2.
China’s provincial tourism economic disparity from 2005 to 2019.
Table 1.
Tourism economy level of 31 provinces in Mainland China.
Fig 3.
Relationship between different antecedent conditions and level of tourism economy.
Table 2.
Complex configuration of antecedent conditions in predicting high level of tourism economy.
Fig 4.
XY graph of Causality Models for High Level of Tourism Economy (a: XY graph of M1-1; b: XY graph of M1-2).
Table 3.
Complex configuration of antecedent conditions in predicting low level of tourism economy.
Fig 5.
XY graph of Causality Models for Low Level of Tourism Economy (a: XY graph of M2-1; b: XY graph of M2-2).
Fig 6.
XY Graphs of M1 with Different Subsamples (a: XY graph of M1 with subsample 1; b: XY graph of M1 with subsample 2).
Table 4.
Result of prediction validity analysis.