Fig 1.
Theoretical model.
Table 1.
Definition and descriptive statistics of variables.
Fig 2.
Parallel trend test results.
Table 2.
Overall impact and source estimation.
Table 3.
Heterogeneity test of influence.
Table 4.
Dynamic test of influence.
Table 5.
Estimation of controlling the impact of different disruptive policies.
Table 6.
PSM-DID estimation and tool variable estimation.
Fig 3.
Estimation of 200 random samples.