Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study population.
Fig 1.
Conceptual serial-parallel mediation model diagram to investigate the effect of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences on sleep disturbance.
Table 2.
Correlation matrix with predictor, mediators and outcome variables (* correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-talied); ** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)).
Table 3.
Bivariate analysis examining the effect of demographic factors on mental health measures and resilience.
Bold numbers: Statistically significant. The numbers represent the main statistic (H for Kruskal-Wallis H test; U for Mann-Whitney U test; r for Pearson’s r correlation) and the associated p value in brackets.
Table 4.
Serial–parallel mediation model with adverse childhood experience as predictor variable.
Abbreviations: ACE = Adverse childhood experience, BRS = Resilience, PHQ = Depression, GAD = Anxiety, PSS = Stress, SD (PROMIS-SD) = Sleep disturbance ‐ (Bold numbers: Statistically significant). Total effect model, direct effects and indirect effects are reported.
Fig 2.
Flow diagram of serial–parallel mediation model with ACE as predictor variable.
Fig 3.
Flow diagram of serial–parallel mediation model with BCE as predictor variable.
Table 5.
Serial–parallel mediation model with BCE as predictor variable.
Abbreviations: BCE = Benevolent childhood experience, BRS = Resilience, PHQ = Depression, GAD = Anxiety, PSS = Stress, SD (PROMIS-SD) = Sleep disturbance ‐ (Bold numbers: Statistically significant). Total effect model, direct effects and indirect effects are reported.
Fig 4.
Summary diagram of serial–parallel mediation model for predicting sleep disturbance.