Fig 1.
Illustration of a four-tier HetNet with different backhaul links.
Fig 2.
Relationships among cell association, interference avoidance, and load balancing.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the related research on user association, load balancing (LB), and inter-cell resource allocation.
Fig 3.
Result of the objective function for four problem answers for different numbers of subbands.
Fig 4.
Time duration for obtaining answers to the four methods in different numbers of subbands.
Fig 5.
Network utility for different desirability functions.
Fig 6.
Network utility and algorithm runtime for different selection list size.
Fig 7.
Network utility by changing the backhaul capacity of the BSs.
Fig 8.
The number of connections by changing the backhaul capacity of BSs.
Fig 9.
Connection probability by changing the number of users in different distributions.
Fig 10.
Average number of user connections for each BS in each tier.
Fig 11.
Network utility by changing the number of users.
Fig 12.
Network utility by changing the number of subbands of each BS.
Fig 13.
Aggregate throughput by changing the number of users.
Fig 14.
Jain’s fairness for load factor by changing the number of users.