Fig 1.
Flowchart of this multi-phase intervention study.
Fig 2.
Balance bike manoeuvre setups: a) 15m sprint; b) Two-turn curved track. Note: ⓢ: Start with timing gates; Ⓕ: Finish with timing gates; Ⓣ: Cones to indicate turning; ◯: Cones.
Table 1.
Balance bike performance and jump height in Phase 1 and Phase 2.
Table 2.
Brief description of 8 × 20-minute balance bike training programme.
Fig 3.
A schematic image illustrating the common setting of the challenge course.
Note: (1): Stop at rest zone; (2): Encountering other riders; (3): Turn into the diagonal highway (One-Lane-One-Way); (4): Speed up at the diagonal highway; (5) Enter to and exit from roundabout in centre (4-Exit); (6) slow down at the diagonal highway before exit; (7): Exit to the major cycling track; (8) Taking turns leading the group; (9) Follow the leaders to ride; (10): Overtaking others at the fast lane.
Fig 4.
Distance travelled and cycling confidence across the 8 × 20-minute balance bike training programme.
Note: MSE: Motor-skill engagement on a balance bike; Cycling confidence (1 = not confident; 2 = slightly confident; 3 = somewhat confident; 4 = fairly confident; 5 = very confident).