Fig 1.
Elevator block brake 3D model.
(a) Brake shoe assembly, (b) Assembly.
Fig 2.
Finite element mesh model of the block brake.
(a) Brake shoe grid model, (b) Brake wheel grid model.
Fig 3.
Brake wheel coupling field distribution cloud diagram during the emergency braking process.
(a) Brake wheel temperature field distribution cloud diagram, (b) Brake wheel stress field distribution cloud diagram.
Fig 4.
Selected brake wheel radial and axial nodes.
(a) Radial nodes, (b) Axial nodes.
Fig 5.
Temperature curve of nodes taken by the brake wheel over time.
(a) Radial nodes, (b) Axial nodes.
Fig 6.
Stress curve of nodes taken by the brake wheel over time.
(a) Radial nodes, (b) Axial nodes.
Table 1.
Range of design variables.
Fig 7.
Approximate model construction framework.
Fig 8.
(a) Orthogonal test, (b) Latin Hypercube sampling, (c) Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling.
Table 2.
Design variable sampling points and response data.
Fig 9.
BP neural network structure.
Fig 10.
Optimization flow chart of the AO algorithm.
Fig 11.
Error comparison between predicted and real BP neural network model values before and after AO optimization.
(a) Comparison plot between predicted value T and real value, (b) Comparison plot between predicted value S and real value, (c) Comparison plot between predicted value T and real value error, (d) Comparison plot between predicted value S and real value error.
Table 3.
Error analysis.
Fig 12.
(a) Evolution curve, (b) Best validation performance.
Fig 13.
Linear regression analysis diagram.
Fig 14.
Pareto optimal solution.
Table 4.
The approximate model outputs Pareto optimal solutions.
Table 5.
Pareto optimal solution finite element simulation result.
Fig 15.
Optimization results of different algorithms.
Table 6.
Comparison of parameters before and after optimization of structural parameters.
Fig 16.
Cloud diagram of finite element simulation analysis of an optimized brake wheel.
(a) Cloud diagram of temperature field distribution of the brake wheel after optimization, (b) Cloud diagram of stress field distribution of the brake wheel after optimization.