Table 1.
The detail of pollution levy standards adjustment from 2007 to 2013.
Fig 1.
Relationship between environmental regulation and carbon emission efficiency.
Table 2.
Variable definition.
Table 3.
Descriptive statistics.
Fig 2.
Moran scatterplots of urban carbon emission efficiency in 2004.
Fig 3.
Moran scatterplots of urban carbon emission efficiency in 2009.
Fig 4.
Moran scatterplots of urban carbon emission efficiency in 2015.
Table 4.
Moran’s I index of urban carbon emission efficiency.
Table 5.
Environmental regulation and carbon emission efficiency.
Table 6.
Direct effect, indirect effect, and total effect of SDM in Table 5.
Fig 5.
Results of parallel trend test.
The X-axis denotes the window period for PLSA implementation. The Y axis represents the regression coefficient of PLSA implementation. The year before PLSA is implemented as the base period.
Table 7.
Impact mechanism of green innovation and industrial upgrading.
Table 8.
Heterogeneity analysis.
Fig 6.
Treatment groups were randomly drawn 500 times in control group by Monte Carlo simulation and DID regression was performed. Plot the obtained regression coefficients as a distribution graph. This figure reports carbon emission efficiency of non-pilot cities as a dependent variable, presenting a normal distribution with an average value of 0.
Table 9.
Re-estimation using PSM-DID.
Table 10.
Re-estimation of different dependent variable.