Fig 1.
Shift towards energy efficient networks.
Fig 2.
5G networks prime objectives.
Fig 3.
Multi-tier HetNet architecture.
Fig 4.
Switch-off schemes in HetNets.
Table 1.
Switch-off schemes and their limitations.
Fig 5.
Multi-tier HetNet with BSs distributed according to PPP with 〖(λ〗_femto = 10λ_macro).
Femto (brown) and Macro (green).
Table 2.
Small BS power consumption.
Table 3.
Small cell attributes in sleep mode.
Fig 6.
Network model of proposed D-DOSS.
Fig 7.
Illustration of RSS level detection.
Fig 8.
D-DOSS network design.
Table 4.
Simulations parameters.
Fig 9.
Coverage probability Vs SINR.
Fig 10.
Coverage probability Vs threshold ratio.
Fig 11.
Energy efficiency of HetNets.
Fig 12.
Average achievable sum rate.
Fig 13.
Probability of blocking.