Fig 1.
The implementation process of MMC method.
Fig 2.
The component shapes with different control functions (f(x′) and d(x′)determine the shape of the central line and the thickness variation respectively).
(a) The thickness variation is driven by f(x′) [11]. (b) The thickness variation is driven by f(x′) and d(x′) [15].
Fig 3.
Construction strategy for hollow structure component [29].
(a) Construct hollow structure by the operation of Boolean “AND”. (b) Construct hollow structure by the operation of Boolean “AND” and “NOT” between internal and external solid components.
Fig 4.
Finite element analysis based on component.
(a) Schematic diagram of the relationship between components and background meshes. (b) Schematic diagram of component boundary cutting meshes. (c) Extended finite element method (X-FEM). (d) Ersatz material model method.
Fig 5.
Basic component.
Fig 6.
Component with void structure.
Fig 7.
Schematic diagram of topological function value area.
Table 1.
Obtaining solid areas of components with void structure.
Fig 8.
Initial layout of components with single void structure.
Fig 9.
Optimization results of different scaling factors.
Fig 10.
Optimization result based on components with single void structure (a = b = 0.5).
(a) Contour plot. (b) Component plot.
Fig 11.
Component with double void structures.
Fig 12.
Initial layout of components with double void structures.
Fig 13.
Optimization results of different scaling factors.
Fig 14.
Optimization results based on the same structural component with different description.
Fig 15.
The optimization result of solid component.
(a) Optimization result based on uniform thickness component(c = 74.569). (b) Optimization result based on linearly varying thickness component (c = 76.785).
Fig 16.
Topology optimization results of different load positions.
(a) Load on the lower right side. (b) Load on the upper right side.
Fig 17.
Schematic diagram of the “islands” phenomenon.