Fig 1.
Acquisition of the mesial and distal direction image.
(a) The cross-section was set at 1 mm mesial and 1 mm distal to every implant and was adjusted along the tangential direction of the dental arch curve and the long-axis direction of the inserted implant; (b) Then, a screenshot of the coronal section image of the grafted bone-substitute material was obtained and exported.
Fig 2.
Acquisition of the sagittal direction image.
(a) The cross-section line connects the centers of the two implants; (b) the corresponding sagittal image screenshot was obtained.
Fig 3.
Process of fractal dimension analysis of bone substitute materials grafted in lateral sinus augmentation by ImageJ.
(a) acquired images, (b) selection of region of interest in the yellow square, (c) the chosen area, (d) blurred image to remove the influence of soft tissue, (e) image subtraction, (f) increased to 128 Gy level, (g) binarization, (h) erosion, (i) dilation, (j) image color inversion, and (k) image skeletonization.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants.
Table 2.
Data of BSMs augmented tooth position for each participant.
Fig 4.
Fractal dimensional values at T0 and T1 for included mesial, distal, and sagittal images.
(a) FD values of mesial images, (b) FD values of distal images, and (c) FD values of sagittal images.
Table 3.
FD values of BSMs in different ROIs and time.
Table 4.
FD values of bone substitute materials of different genders and time.