Fig 1.
The structure of the Bellhop.
Fig 2.
Physical model of sound line propagation.
Fig 3.
The architecture of DUA-DCS.
Fig 4.
The working mechanism diagram of the uplink.
Fig 5.
The working mechanism diagram of the downlink.
Fig 6.
The structural diagram of the DFE.
Fig 7.
The structural diagram of the PLL.
Fig 8.
The structural diagram of SIMO-DFE-PLL-MSIRC.
Fig 9.
The signal processing flow of COSTBC.
Fig 10.
The frame format of the QPSK signal.
Table 1.
Classification of marine environment.
Table 2.
Bellhop simulation paramenters setup.
Fig 11.
The propagation loss and channel impulse response of each receiving point in (a) marine environment 1, (b) marine environment 2 and (c) marine environment 3.
Fig 12.
The signal processing flow of the uplink.
Fig 13.
The bit error rate (BER) of (a) DFE-PLL-MSIRC and (b) Comparison Algorithm [22, 23] (nT is the transmitter’s number, nR is the receiver’s number).
Table 3.
The required SNR (dB) of the system when BER = 10−4.
Table 4.
The system’s BER when SNR = 0.
Fig 14.
BER of systems with different diversity in different marine environments (ME).
Table 5.
The minimum number of diversity required for the system to maintain communication in various marine environments.
Fig 15.
BER of the system with different number of transmit antennas.
Fig 16.
The layout diagram of transmitter and receivers.
Table 6.
The equipment connection and layout.
Fig 17.
The structures of (a) channel 1, (b) channel 2 and (c) channel 3.
Fig 18.
The constellation diagrams of DFE-PLL-MSIRC (a) nT = 1, nR = 1 at 500 m, (b) nT = 1, nR = 2 at 500 m, (c) nT = 1, nR = 3 at 500 m, (d) nT = 1, nR = 1 at 1000 m, (e) nT = 1, nR = 2 at 1000 m and (f) nT = 1, nR = 3 at 1000 m.
Fig 19.
The constellation diagrams of comparison algorithm (a) nT = 1, nR = 1 at 500 m, (b) nT = 1, nR = 2 at 500 m, (c) nT = 1, nR = 3 at 500 m, (d) nT = 1, nR = 1 at 1000 m, (e) nT = 1, nR = 2 at 1000 m and (f) nT = 1, nR = 3 at 1000 m.
Table 7.
The BER of different diversity number at 500 m and 1000 m distance between transmitter and receivers.