Fig 1.
Phases of the analysis.
Fig 2.
Nodes represent publications and arrows citation links. The authors of each publication, represented by capital letters, and their affiliation country, represented by acronyms, are shown inside each publication node.
Table 1.
Classification of citations in Fig 2 based on the two definitions of country self-citation.
No fractional counting is applied.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics 1996–2019.
The overline indicates the mean. Publications include only research articles, reviews, and conference papers. Citations () and self-citations (
and
) are computed on a 2-year citation window. Citing sources include all types of documents, cited publications include research articles, reviews, and conference papers.
Table 3.
Average country self-citations of type I and type II and their average difference.
All values are multiplied by 100.
Fig 3.
Country self-citation rate SRI and SRII by country.
Yearly data 1996–2019.
Fig 4.
Simple difference between SRI and SRII over time by country.
The solid red line represents yearly data (1996–2019), and the dotted black line is the average difference in the whole period.
Fig 5.
SRI and SRII versus publication output by country.
Each data point represents data for a year between 1996 and 2019. Pearson correlation coefficients (by country and indicator) are overlaid.
Fig 6.
G10 countries are in bold. Stress = 9.18%.
Fig 7.
G10 countries are in bold. Stress = 7.45%. Note that the points of Malaysia and Indonesia are outside the plot.
Fig 8.
G10 countries’ trends in SRI and SRII.
Italian trends are in bold green.