Fig 1.
19 women were enrolled to the current trial. 13 women were randomized into the ketogenic interventions and later 6 women were assigned to the control.
Fig 2.
Food was precisely weighed (± 0.1g) and tailored to the participants’ individual energy requirements to lose weight (~75% of the energy maintenance). Panels: A) The breakfast, lunch, snack, and dinner served to participants on bi-weekly test days; B) Chicken Breast Tomato Bacon Salad with Hand-made Ranch Dressing; C) Seared Caribbean-Jerk Chicken Thigh with Parmesan Zucchini; D) Beef, Egg, and Cheese Casserole with Green Beans; E) Flank Steak Salad with Hand-made Low-Carb Parmesan Croutons and Ranch Dressing.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n = 19).
Fig 3.
Capillary R-βHB was analyzed bi-weekly and while fasting. Data presented as mean ± SD. Main effect: *, *** = p < 0.05, 0.001 from Day 1 in KD only. Interaction: # = p < 0.05 between KD+KS and KD+PL versus LFD at the indicated timepoint.
Fig 4.
Cumulative percentage of self-reported menses change answers.
The interaction effect for “no change” revealed that the KD+KS responses at day 28 (p = 0.004) and 42 (p = 0.007), and the KD+PL responses at day 28 (p = 0.011), were significantly different compared to the frequency of answers in the LFD at the same corresponding timepoints.
Table 2.
Menses frequency questionnaire.