Fig 1.
(A) Structure of the verb-copying task. Participants were instructed to type the target verb as fast and accurately as possible in a single uninterrupted gesture. The figure illustrates a single trial from the bimanual verb condition. (B) Motility effects: with significantly longer latencies for high motility verbs compared to low motility verbs, both in action planning (indexed by first-letter lag) and action execution (indexed by whole-word lag). (C) Effector quantity effects: Action planning, with significantly shorter latencies for bimanual compared to unimanual and non-manual verbs; and for unimanual and non-manual compared to minimally motoric verbs; and Action execution, with a significant interaction between motility and verb type. In the high motility condition, bimanual verbs were faster than unimanual, non-manual, and minimally motoric verbs. Also, unimanual verbs were faster than minimally motoric verbs. The low motility condition revealed no significant differences between verb types. Single asterisks (*) indicate a statistically significant difference at p < .05. Double asterisks (**) indicate a statistically significant difference at p < .01. FLL: first-letter lag (lapse between target onset and first keystroke). WWL: whole-word lag (lapse between first and last keystroke).