Fig 1.
Temporal dynamics of soil water content and litter cover.
(A,B) Temporal dynamics of soil water content (SWC) expressed as percentage of field capacity (C) and percentage of surface covered by litter as affected by the earthworm and plant treatments. Blue arrows represent watering events. Error bars represent ± 1 SEM. Different letters represent significantly different levels as estimated by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. The effects of earthworm treatments independent of plant treatments, and vice versa, are displayed when the Ew×Plant interaction is not significant (A,B).
Table 1.
Time series and cumulative statistic table.
Fig 2.
N2O emissions during the 12-week experiment.
(A) Weekly (B, C) and cumulative N–N2O emissions as affected by the earthworm and plant treatments. Blue arrows represent watering events. Error bars represent ± 1 SEM. Different letters represent significantly different levels as estimated by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. The effects of earthworm treatment independent of plant treatment, and vice-versa, are displayed when the Ew×Plant interaction is not significant (B, C).
Fig 3.
CO2 emissions during the 12-week experiment.
(A) Weekly (B, C) and cumulative C-CO2 emissions as affected by the earthworm and plant treatments. Blue arrows represent watering events. Error bars represent ± 1 SEM. Different letters represent significantly different levels as estimated by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. The effects of earthworm treatment independent of plant treatment, and vice-versa, are displayed when the Ew×Plant interaction is not significant (B, C).
Fig 4.
N2O and CO2 emissions as affected by soil water content and macroporosity.
(A, E) Total cumulative emissions as affected by the Ew×SWC interaction, where SWC represents the 3-month average SWC. (B, C, D, F, G, H) Relationships between N2O and CO2 emissions measured in the last experimental week (week 12), (C, F) soil water contents and (D,G) X-ray tomography estimated volumes of macropores in the topsoil layer (L1) and (D, H) in the bottom layer for N2O (L4). When significant, the linear regression line and 95% confidence intervals are displayed along with the regression equation, coefficient of determination (R²) and p value. Note that this relationship may differ from the mixed-effect model results (Tables 1 and 4).
Table 2.
Covariables summary statistics table.
Table 3.
Covariables summary statistics table.
Table 4.
Summary statistic table of last week gas fluxes.