Fig 1.
PRISMA (2020) Flow chart of data extraction process.
(Image created at https://www.eshackathon.org/software/PRISMA2020.html).
Table 1.
Study characteristics, outcomes and effects.
Table 2.
Intervention characteristics.
Table 3.
Global and component study quality assessment ratings.
Table 4.
Behavior change theories described within interventions.
Table 5.
Behavior change techniques used within intervention groups across all studies.