Fig 1.
Graphical figure summarizing the workflow followed in this study.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of Covid-19 patients by severity of Covid-19 (N = 85).
Fig 2.
Visualization of pathways enriched for significant altered metabolites (p<0.05) asymptomatic/mild versus severe COVID-19 using MetaboAnalyst pathway enrichment.
(A) Represent the enrichment pathway analysis against "small molecule pathway” database (SMPDB)" (found in the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software) the results showed that the pathways for which the differentially abundant metabolites were most enriched were the citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, tryptophan. (B) Represent the enrichment pathway analysis against "blood disease signatures database," it generated disease-enriched groups for Hartnup disease, acute seizures, critical sickness (serious trauma, severe septic shock, or cardiogenic shock), and others (available in MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software). Nodes are coloured according to the level of significance for the enrichment (–log10(p)) and sized according to the number of associated dysregulated members (metabolites).
Table 2.
Comparing metabolites of patients by COVID-19 disease severity.
Fig 3.
ROC curves for prediction of COVID-19 severity based on patients’ clinical and metabolites plasma levels.
Clinical tests showing adequate AUC curves (>0.70) (A), metabolites showing adequate AUC values (>0.70), (B) and ROC curves of predictive Model (C).
Table 3.
Statistical Significance of ROC AUC of clinical and metabolites tests in predicting severity of COVID-19.
Table 4.
Cross-tabulations between severity of COVID-19 and clinical and metabolites tests.
Table 5.
Correlations between ferritin and the different clinical results.