Fig 1.
Blue/Red Ball (left top); Big Terrors (right top); Medium Terrors (left down); Small Terrors (right down). The red circles and arrows were added for the convenience of the reader. The stimulus did not contain them.
Table 1.
Main parameters of the EEG experiment paradigms.
Table 2.
Metrics used for assessment of the cognitive abilities.
Table 3.
Reaction time thresholds for reaction time tests.
Fig 2.
Statistical comparison between the professional and novice players for cognitive tests results.
Columns: (a) reaction time for RTM test; (b) reaction time for RTK test; (c) reaction time (correct) for RTD test; (d) correct rate for RTD test and count error for Small Terrors (ST) paradigm of EEG Experiments. The comparisons consist of a boxplot (top) and a histogram with a distribution plot (bottom). For column (d), there are only boxplots, but for different group metrics. The used statistical test is a permutation test based on Student’s t-test for non-equal variance with 100000 permutations.
Table 4.
Statistical analysis of cognitive tests results between the professional and novice players.
Fig 3.
Statistical comparison of simple and choice reaction time tests for the professional and novice players.
Columns: (a) reaction time for PRO group between RTM and RTK tests; (b) reaction time for Novice group between RTM and RTK tests; (c) reaction time for Pro group between RTM and RTD tests; (d) reaction time for Novice group between RTM and RTD tests. Each comparison consists of a boxplot (top) and a histogram with a distribution plot (bottom). The used statistical test is a permutation test based on Student’s t-test for non-equal variance with 100000 permutations.
Fig 4.
ERP comparison of PRO and NOVICE groups.
Each plot corresponds to an experiment paradigm. ERPs are calculated as grand average over P3, Pz, P4, PO3, and PO4 electrodes; Green line—professional’s ERP, red line—novice’s ERP (std—colored shadow regions); Shaded area indicates the regions where PRO and NOVICE groups are significantly different (p<0.05). Times for topographic maps correspond to P200 (P2), N200 (N2), and P300 (P3) components. Components times were selected manually after visual inspection (exact times can be found in Table 5). *P300 for ST paradigm is nominal and was selected as the highest amplitude of EEG during the whole stimulus presentation after N2.
Table 5.
Comparison of ERP components.
Fig 5.
Spectrograms comparison of PRO and NOVICE groups.
Each row corresponds to a separate experiment paradigm (from top to bottom)—BR/B, BT, MT, ST. ERP spectrograms are calculated on the Cz electrode; Statistically non-significant regions (p > 0.05 for nonparametric TFCE) are colored white. Significant regions (p < 0.05) are colored as the difference in mean spectrograms for the Pro reaction to the target stimulus versus the Novice reaction to the target stimulus. To not show the spectrogram distorted by the boundary effects, the presented time range was limited by 100 ms before and 500 ms after the stimulus.
Fig 6.
First* 2 components of CP decomposition of spatial-temporal tensor for different EEG paradigms.
Left block—first component, right block—second component. Paradigms: Blue/Red Ball, Big Terrors, Medium Terrors, and Small Terrors. For each paradigm, the rows represent the following factors (from top to bottom): electrode (spatial) topographic map, time graph, and per-subject distribution (professionals—green, novices—red) of component power. For each component and row, the range of the vertical axis (or colorbar) is made the same *Due to the permutation ambiguity of CPD, the components were realigned.
Fig 7.
Results of spatial-temporal-spectral analysis.
Paradigms: Blue/Red Ball, Big Terrors, Medium Terrors, and Small Terrors. For each paradigm, the rows represent the following factors (from top to bottom): electrode (spatial) topographic map, time graph, spectral (frequency) graph, and per-subject distribution (professionals—green, novices—red) of component power.
Fig 8.
Results of spatial-temporal-spectral analysis for higher-frequency band*.
Paradigms: Blue/Red Ball, Big Terrors, Medium Terrors, and Small Terrors. For each paradigm, the rows represent the following factors (from top to bottom): electrode (spatial) topographic map, time graph, spectral (frequency) graph, and per-subject distribution (professionals—green, novices—red) of component power. * high-frequency band is from 3 to 30 Hz (without low frequencies).
Fig 9.
Correlation heatmap for PRO group.
All features are in the following order. RT features: mean reaction times in RTM and RTK tests, mean correct reaction time during correct clicks and correct rate in RTD test; VS features: final score, mean search time of “L”, mean search time of “no L”, and correct rate; Hours spent in CS:GO; mean amplitudes of P200, N200, and P300 peaks during target stimuli for B/RB, BT, MT, ST EEG paradigms; mean latency time of P200, N200, and P300 peaks during target stimuli for B/RB, BT, MT, ST EEG paradigms. Correlations with p-value < 0.05 are marked with the symbol “*”.
Fig 10.
Correlation heatmap for NOVICE group.
All features are in the following order. RT features: mean reaction times in RTM and RTK tests, mean correct reaction time during correct clicks and correct rate in RTD test; VS features: final score, mean search time of “L”, mean search time of “no L”, and correct rate; mean amplitudes of P200, N200, and P300 peaks during target stimuli for B/RB, BT, MT, ST EEG paradigms; mean latency time of P200, N200, and P300 peaks during target stimuli for B/RB, BT, MT, ST EEG paradigms. Correlations with p-value < 0.05 are marked with the symbol “*”.
Fig 11.
Topographic maps of correlations between correct rate in RTD and mean amplitudes of ERP components for the NOVICE group.
Columns represent ERP components: P200 and N200. Rows represent EEG paradigms: Big Terrors (BT), Medium Terrors (MT), and Small Terrors (ST). The statistically significant channels are highlighted by green circles.
Fig 12.
Topographic maps of correlations between final score in VS and mean amplitudes of ERP components for PRO (a) and NOVICE (b) groups.
Columns represent ERP components: P200 and N200. Rows represent EEG paradigms: Medium Terrors (MT) and Small Terrors (ST). The statistically significant channels are highlighted by green circles.
Fig 13.
Topographic maps of correlations between hours spent in CS:GO and mean amplitudes of ERP components for professional players.
Columns represent ERP components: P200 and N200. Rows represent EEG paradigms: Big Terrors (BT), Medium Terrors (MT), and Small Terrors (ST). The statistically significant channels are highlighted by green circles.