Fig 1.
Overview of the study design in this bidirectional MR study.
A. Eight MR analysis to investigate the bidirectional association between PAS and intelligence. B. The three key assumptions of MR analysis. C. Sketch of the study design. MR: Mendelian randomization. PAS: Physical activity status; LST: Leisure screen time; MVPA: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time; SC: Sedentary commuting; SBW: Sedentary behavior at work; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Fig 2.
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; PAS: Physical activity status; LST: Leisure screen time; MVPA: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time; SC: Sedentary commuting; SBW: Sedentary behavior at work; LD: Linkage disequilibrium.
Table 1.
Results of Mendelian randomization analysis of PAS on intelligence.
Fig 3.
Causal effects for PAS on intelligence.
Total effect represents the results of IVW analysis and the independent effect stands for that of multivariable MR analysis. PAS, Physical activity status; LST, Leisure screen time; MVPA, Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time; SC, Sedentary commuting; SBW, Sedentary behavior at work; IVW, Inverse variance weighted.
Fig 4.
Causal effects for intelligence on PAS.
PAS, Physical activity status; LST, Leisure screen time; MVPA, Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time; SC, Sedentary commuting; SBW, Sedentary behavior at work; IVW, Inverse variance weighted; OR, Odds ratios.
Table 2.
Results of Mendelian randomization analysis of intelligence on PAS.