Table 1.
Original word lists taken from Stadler, Roediger, McDermott [46].
Table 2.
Translated and modified lists of words for Czech language conditions.
Fig 1.
Experimental scheme (control group consisted of 47 participants, experimental group consisted of 45 participants).
All participants first learned lists of words in five trials. In each trial, a list of 11 words was presented. Each word appeared for 2 seconds against the background of a virtual indoor environment. There were 5 second breaks between trials. After completing all the trials, the participants solved a mathematical problem, which could last a maximum of 2 minutes, but was often solved in just one minute. In the following recollection phase, the participants had to freely recall as many words as possible from the lists they had learned. Participants in control condition had to recall the words in the same environment in which they learned them, whilst those in experimental condition were exposed to a new outdoor environment.
Fig 2.
Average correct recall of words according to sex and condition.
Compared to men, women remembered a significantly larger number of words in both control and experimental conditions, although the comparison of experimental conditions does not refer to a significant difference in memory recollection. The Y-axis represents the sum of all correctly remembered words by the participant, while the X-axis specifies the score according to the experimental condition. Error bars here represent the range of values that contain the middle 50% of the data. Overall, women recalled significantly more words than men in both conditions.
Table 3.
Summary of central tendency measures in correctly recalled words.
Table 4.
Summary of central tendency measures in critical lures.
Fig 3.
Average false recall of critical lures according to sex and condition.
Men and women did not differ significantly from each other in the induction of false memories regardless of condition. False memories were also not induced by exposure to a different or the same context during word list learning and recall in general. The Y-axis expresses the sum of all falsely remembered words by the participant, while the X-axis specifies the score according to the experimental condition. Error bars represent the range of values that contain the middle 50% of the data.