Fig 1.
Susceptibility to 0.75% permethrin in WHO tube assay.
Kis (n = 40) and Kis-kdr (n = 60) were exposed in WHO tube assays to 0.75% permethrin for 1 hour. Controls were mock-exposed to non-insecticide treated filter papers. Percentage knockdown at 1hr, and mortality at 24hr are indicated by the coloured bars. 95% confidence intervals are marked in black. There was significantly higher (Fisher’s exact p≤2.2e-16) knockdown at 1 hour in Kis (95% [95% CI 83–99]) than Kis-kdr 3% [0–12]). Mortality at 24 hours was significantly higher in Kis (100% [91–100] than Kis-kdr (15% [7–27]) (Fisher’s exact p≤2.2e-16). There was no knockdown or mortality in negative controls of either strain.
Fig 2.
ONNV titre following PO infection.
Viral titres of mosquito bodies, heads, and legs at 7dpi were established by plaque assay for Kis (n = 20) and Kis-kdr (n = 20) strains. The mean body ONNV titres were not significantly different between strains (Kis 1.99 log10 pfu/sample; Kis-kdr 2.30; ANOVA p = 0.57). Only one Kis mosquito had a disseminated infection to its head at 7dpi. No virus was found in the legs of either mosquito strain at 7dpi. The mean values and 95% confidence intervals are marked in black.
Fig 3.
ONNV titre in mosquito body parts following intrathoracic microinjection.
Mean viral titres and 95% CI shown in black (virus negative samples excluded from calculations). The inoculum delivered by intrathoracic microinjection was 100nL of 105 pfu/mL.