Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
Table 2.
An overview of patient decision-making, as described in interviews.
Fig 1.
Flow of analysis by affinity diagramming.
Note. 1) Label making: The qualitative data are divided into units that contain a single semantic content, and an original label is created for each unit. The original labels of Inagaki’s previous study [19] revealed “the actual situation of nurse participation in shared decision-making for patients with severe heart failure.” In this study, original labels were created for each patient’s difficult situations and nurses’ roles. 2) Label grouping: In the label grouping process, all cards are shuffled and arranged; the cards are repeatedly read to grasp the meaning and grouped according to affinity or similarity rather than preconceived notions into labels that denote the common theme of the group in a single sentence. Subsequently, the labels are further grouped. This step of labeling the top groups is repeated until the final group comprises five to seven labels. 3) Chart making: The logical relationships among the final labels are explored until a consensus is reached among the researchers and is diagrammatically presented.
Fig 2.
Difficult situations in decision-making for patients with severe heart failure.
Note. This chart illustrates the six themes related to difficult situations in decision-making for patients with severe heart failure and the relationships at play in these situations. Unidirectional arrows between the labels indicate the order in which things occurred and/or the direction of influence. The vertices of the two triangles facing each other indicate a pairwise relationship between the content on both sides.
Fig 3.
The roles of critical care nurses in shared decision-making.
Note. This chart illustrates the six themes associated with the critical care nurses’ roles in shared decision-making and the relationships among these situations. Unidirectional arrows between the labels indicate the order in which things occurred and the direction of their influence. Bidirectional arrows indicate the complementary relationships between them. The vertices of the two triangles facing each other indicate a paired relationship between the contents on both sides.