Fig 1.
Flow chart depicting the search strategy and selection process.
SDD: Subdural drainage; SPGD: Subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage.
Fig 2.
(a). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials in the present analysis. (b) Funnel plot of publication bias for recurrence rates. M-H: Mantel–Haenszel statistic. CI: Confidence interval.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the fifteen included studies.
Fig 3.
Forest plots showing complications for the SDD and SPGD groups.
(a): Recurrence. (b) Mortality rate. (c) Postoperative infection. (d) Postoperative epilepsy. (e) Intracranial hematoma. (f) Pneumocephalus. SDD: Subdural drainage. SPGD: Subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage. M-H: Mantel–Haenszel statistic. CI: Confidence interval.
Fig 4.
Forest plots showing the results of the subgroup analysis.
(a): Recurrence. (b) Mortality rate. (c) Postoperative infection. (d) Postoperative epilepsy. (e) Intracranial hematoma. (f) Pneumocephalus. SDD: Subdural drainage. SPGD: Subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage. SPD: Subperiosteal drainage. SGD: Subgaleal drainage. M-H: Mantel–Haenszel statistic. CI: Confidence interval.
Fig 5.
Subgroup analysis based on RCTs.
(a) Recurrence. (b) Mortality rate. (c) Postoperative infection. (d) Postoperative epilepsy. (e) Intracranial hematoma. (f) Pneumocephalus. SDD: Subdural drainage. SPGD: Subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage. SPD: Subperiosteal drainage. SGD: Subgaleal drainage. M-H: Mantel–Haenszel statistic. CI: Confidence interval. RCT: Randomized controlled trial.
Fig 6.
SDD and SPGD for chronic subdural hematoma.
SDD: Subdural drainage; SPGD: Subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage.