Fig 1.
Image of posterior pole protocol.
A: Color thickness map of the 64 OCT scans and the 8 × 8 analysis grid positioned on the macula for the RNFL; B: Color thickness map of the 64 OCT scans and the 8 × 8 analysis grid positioned on macula for the GCL; numerical values on the grid indicate microns of thickness for each cell. The color map associates warm colors with higher thickness values and cool colors with lower thickness values in a gradient, indicating the value in the legend every 25 microns (RNFL. Image A) and every 10 microns (GCL. Image B); C: six proposed zones on the macular thickness map, labeled with different colors.
Fig 2.
Contour map, generated from numerical data on each cell measured using the posterior pole protocol, showing mean retinal fiber layer thickness analysis in Mathworks.
The legend indicates 10-micron thickness steps, with warm colors representing higher thickness values and cool colors representing lower thickness values. A: retinal fiber layer from control group; B: retinal fiber layer from remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis; C: ganglion cell layer from control group; D: ganglion cell layer from remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis. Abbreviations: RR-MS, remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Fig 3.
Contour map, generated from numerical data on each cell measured using the posterior pole protocol, showing mean retinal fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness analysis in Mathworks for subgroups of years.
The legend associates warm colors with higher thickness values in microns and cool colors with lower thickness values. The upper images show clinical symptom onset analysis and the lower images show clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Abbreviations: CSO, clinical symptom onset; CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer.
Fig 4.
Image of numerical data of mean Pearson correlation coefficient analysis for the RNFL and Spearman correlation coefficient for the GCL in Mathworks.
Each map represents the grid of 64 pole cells, with color depending on the correlation value indicated in the legend in steps from 0.1 associated with a color. Positive correlation values are associated with warm colors and negative correlation values are associated with cool colors. Correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer and time since symptom onset, time since clinically definite multiple sclerosis diagnosis, expanded disability status scale at optical coherence tomography examination, and 1 year after; correlation between the ganglion cell fiber layer and time since symptom onset, time since clinically definite multiple sclerosis, expanded disability status scale at optical coherence tomography examination, and 1 year after. The asterisks show significant levels that overcome Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.005. Abbreviations: CSO, clinical symptom onset; CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis; EDSS-0, expanded disability status scale at optical coherence tomography examination; EDSS-1, expanded disability status scale 1 year after optical coherence tomography examination.
Table 1.
Mean retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layer thickness ± standard deviation, in microns, of 6 zones for healthy controls and remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients.
Bold numbers indicate p < 0.05. Abbreviations: RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; SD, standard deviation; GCL, ganglion cell layer; RR-MM, remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Table 2.
Mean retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layer thickness ± standard deviation, in microns, of 6 zones for remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients classified by years since onset of symptoms and comparison between both groups.
Bold numbers indicate p < 0.05. The asterisks mark significant levels that overcome Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Abbreviations: RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; SD, standard deviation; GCL, ganglion cell layer; RR-MM, remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis; CSO, clinical symptom onset.
Table 3.
Mean retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layer thickness ± standard deviation, in microns, of 6 zones for remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients classified by years since clinically definite multiple sclerosis diagnosis and comparison between both groups.
Bold numbers indicate p < 0.05. The asterisks mark significant levels that overcome Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Abbreviations: RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; SD, standard deviation; GCL, ganglion cell layer; RR-MM, remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis; CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
Table 4.
Correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness and time since onset of symptoms, time since clinically definite multiple sclerosis diagnosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at time of optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, and EDSS 1 year later.
The asterisks mark significant levels, * p < 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.005. Abbreviations: RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; Pcc, Pearson correlation coefficient; CSO, clinical symptom onset; CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale.