Fig 1.
Research model.
Fig 2.
General characteristics of participants (N = 1,106).
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of major variables.
Table 2.
Internal consistency reliability and convergent validity.
Table 3.
Discriminant validity in the measurement model.
Fig 3.
Results of hypothesis testing for the structural model.
Table 4.
Research hypothesis testing.
Table 5.
Hypothesis testing according to family economic status (FES) groups.