Fig 1.
(A) Schematic of the full system. Grey shading illustrates the newly developed parts of the monitoring system including the PiNe box and its associated connections. Abbreviations: TTL: Transistor-transistor logic, GPIO: General-Purpose Input Output, UDP: User Datagram Protocol, IP: Internet protocol. (B) A photograph of the PiNe box. (C) The graphical user interface (GUI) on the PiNe box.
Fig 2.
Time-locked physiological responses to a visual stimulus in a single infant.
Electrophysiological and vital signs responses to a single visual flash stimulus (A) and averaged across a train of 10 visual stimuli (B). Change in vital signs are calculated by baseline correcting to the pre-stimulus mean. Blue signals are from the electrophysiological research recordings, green signals from the hospital vital signs monitor. Black dashed line indicates the point of stimulation. Red dashed lines on the IP indicate the time at which the amplitude threshold used for breath detection was crossed (see Methods—Analysis: Study 3 Demonstration of system utility). EEG responses are shown at the Oz recording electrode. Abbreviations: Stim.: Stimulus/stimuli, ECG: Electrocardiograph, HR: Heart rate in beats per minute, PPG: Photoplethysmography, a.u.: Arbitrary units, IP: Impedance pneumography, RR: Respiratory rate in breaths per minute, EEG: Electroencephalograph.
Fig 3.
Time-locked physiological responses to a clinically-required heel lance in a single infant.
Electrophysiological and vital signs responses to a single heel lance. Black dashed line indicates the point of stimulation. The EEG response is shown at the Cz recording electrode. The previously described template of noxious-evoked brain activity [16] is projected on to the EEG response and shown in red. Before the template is projected, the data is first Woody filtered (with a maximum of +/-100ms) to account for latency differences in the response. The raw trace (not Woody filtered) and Woody filtered traces are shown. Red dashed lines on the IP indicate the time at which the amplitude threshold used for breath detection was crossed (see Methods—Analysis: Study 3 Demonstration of system utility). Blue signals are from the electrophysiological research recordings, green signals from the hospital vital signs monitor. Abbreviations: ECG: Electrocardiograph, HR: Heart rate in beats per minute, PPG: Photoplethysmography, a.u.: Arbitrary units, IP: Impedance pneumography, RR: Respiratory rate in breaths per minute, EEG: Electroencephalograph.