Fig 1.
Monthly rainfall and temperature during the two growing seasons of wheat from October to June in 2017–18 and 2018–19.
Table 1.
Effect of different tillage methods on tillage depth and soil moisture content (SMC) at seedling stage in winter wheat.
Table 2.
Effects of different tillage methods on the seedling quality in winter wheat.
Fig 2.
Effect of different tillage methods on seed emergence dynamics after sowing in 2017–18 and 2018–19 growing seasons.
Note: RT, the traditional rotary method; RCT, rotary with compaction after sowing; PT, rotary after deep ploughing; PCT, the rotary after deep ploughing with compaction after sowing. Vertical bars represent standard errors.
Table 3.
Effects of different tillage methods on the population size and tillering rate of winter wheat in seedling stage.
Fig 3.
Comparisons of leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) under different tillage methods at seedling stage in 2017–18 and 2018–19 growing seasons.
Note: RT, the traditional rotary method; RCT, rotary with compaction after sowing; PT, rotary after deep ploughing; PCT, the rotary after deep ploughing with compaction after sowing. Values followed by the same letter within a column in each year are not significantly different at P<0.05, as determined by the LSD test. Vertical bars represent standard errors.
Fig 4.
Comparisons of leaf area of seedlings under different tillage methods in 2017–18 and 2018–19 growing seasons.
RT, the traditional rotary method; RCT, rotary with compaction after sowing; PT, rotary after deep ploughing; PCT, the rotary after deep ploughing with compaction after sowing. Vertical bars represent standard errors.
Table 4.
Effects of different tillage methods on plant and root growth of winter wheat in over-wintering period.
Table 5.
Effect of different tillage methods on grain yield and yield components of winter wheat.