Fig 1.
Theoretical framework diagram.
Table 1.
Variables.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics.
Table 3.
Benchmark regression results.
Table 4.
Robustness check.
Table 5.
Endogeneity testing.
Table 6.
Heterogeneity of types and objects of environmental punishment.
Table 7.
Heterogeneity between the (non)-ecological provinces and heterogeneity of marketization.
Table 8.
Mechanism of intermediate effect.
Table 9.
Mechanism of Punish’s synergy with policies concerned.