Fig 1.
Source; Central Statistical Authority.
Fig 2.
Map of biosphere reserve of Sheka zone (core area).
Source; Sheka zone Forest and Environment protection department.
Fig 3.
Graph of the total population of Sheka Zone (2021–2022).
Source; Sheka zone finance and economic development department (2022).
Fig 4.
Schematic flow chart for land use/land cover dynamics and accuracy assessments.
Source; developed by the author.
Table 1.
Shows land use land cover class of study area for the year 1991.
Fig 5.
The LULC map of the study area for the year 1991.
Source; Arc gis result of 1991 LULC classification.
Table 2.
Areal and percentage of land use land cover class of study area for the year 2006.
Fig 6.
The LULC map of the study area for the year 2006.
Source; Arc gis result of 2006 LULC classification.
Table 3.
Land use land cover class of study area for the year 2021.
Fig 7.
An overlap of biosphere reserve and investment.
Source; Sheka zone Environment & forest protection department.
Fig 8.
The LULC map of the study area for the year 2021.
Source; Arc GIS result of 2021 LULC classification.
Table 4.
Land use/land cover change of study area for the years 1991, 2006 and 2021.
Table 5.
Accuracy assessment of the 1991, 2006, and 2021 classified images.
Fig 9.
Transitions LULC change matrix of study area (1991–2006).
legend; Where W; wetland, F; forest, Rs; rural settlement and P; plantation. Source; from the result of IDRISI salva Land change modeler.
Table 6.
Transition matrix of land use/land cover change (1991–2006).
Table 7.
Transition matrix of land use/land cover change (2006–2021).
Fig 10.
LU/LCC transition matrix of the study area (2006–2021).
Fig 11.
Gain and Loss of Forest cover of the study area (1991–2021).
Source; from the result of IDRISI Salva Land change modeler.
Fig 12.
Loss & gain of forest cover of the study area (1991–2021).
Source; from the result of IDRISI Salva Land change modeler.
Fig 13.
Land use/Land cover map of 2021 and Shato core area.
Source; Arc gis and Sheka zone forest, environment protection and climate change department.
Fig 14.
Land use/Land cover change transition matrix of the study area (1991–2021).
legend; Where W; wetland, F; forest, Rs; rural settlement and P; plantation. Source; from the result of IDRISI Salva Land change modeler.