Table 1.
Demographic factors reported at baseline and drug levels detected at baseline and week 6.
Fig 1.
A pair-wise comparison of the quantity of total IgG in the plasma at baseline (BL) and following for 6-weeks (Wk 6) of HCQ treatment.
A) Total IgG, B) select influenza specific isolates. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon paired rank test and p values <0.05 were considered significant.
Fig 2.
Effect of HCQ on T cell subsets from ex vivo PBMCs.
Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon paired rank test and p values <0.05 were considered significant. A) Changes in the proportion of CD4+ T cells in the fresh blood of participants treated with HCQ for 6-weeks. B) Changes in the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the fresh blood of participants treated with HCQ for 6-weeks. C) Changes in the proportion of T cell markers in the cryopreserved blood of participants treated with HCQ for 6-weeks. T regulatory cells (Tregs), Mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT). Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon paired rank test and p values <0.05 were considered significant.
Fig 3.
Effect of HCQ on T cell activation markers post stimulation with 2μg/mL CEF (cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and influenza virus) peptide pool.
A) Changes in CD4+ T cell markers following 12-hour stimulation. B) Changes in CD8+ T cell markers following 12-hour stimulation. C) Changes in CD4+ T cell markers following 7-day stimulation. D) Changes in CD8+ T cell markers following 7-day stimulation with CEF. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon paired rank test and p values <0.05 were considered significant.
Fig 4.
Effect of HCQ on cytokines after a 12-hour stimulation with 2μg/mL CEF (cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and influenza virus) peptide pool.
A) Cytokine production determined by subtracting the amount of cytokine detected in the unstimulated condition from each of the stimulated conditions used in this study, B) Cytokine expression in unstimulated cells, C) cytokine expression following stimulation with the CEF peptide pool. D) Co-expression of multiple cytokines, p<0.05 (*), p<0.01 (**), pie colours represent different co-expression options, arc legend colours indicate the three cytokines assessed. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon paired rank test and p values <0.05 were considered significant.