Fig 1.
Changes in hormone and reproduction between HFD and CON mice.
Effects of sustained high fat diet induction on blood hormone levels (N = 10). (A) comparison of serum glucose and hepatic triglyceride concentrations between the two groups at week 12,and (B) Comparison of serum E2 concentration between the two groups at week 12,and (C) Comparison of serum FSH concentration between the two groups at week 12. (D) Comparison of total litter size between the two groups (N = 10). (E) Comparison of PB1 count between the two groups (N = 5). Values are presented as mean + S.E.M.. Significant differences following one-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05.
Fig 2.
Oil red O staining of the reproductive organs of high-fed diet (HFD) and standard diet (CON) mice.
(A) Oil red O staining of ovaries in CON mice. (B) Oil red O staining of ovaries in HFD mice. (C) Oil red O staining of uteri in CON mice. (D) Oil red O staining of uteri in HFD mice. (E) Oil red O staining of fallopian tubes in CON mice. (F) Oil red O staining of fallopian tubes in HFD mice.
Fig 3.
Correlation and difference analysis between ovarian granulosa cells in high-fed diet (HFD) and standard diet (CON) mice.
(A) Heatmap of the Pearson’s correlation between HFD and CON groups. (B) Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot of the lipids in ovarian granulosa cells from the HFD and CON groups. Profiles of HFD (green dots) and CON (red dots) are separated. (C) CON vs. HFD OPLS-DA permutation. The abscissa represents the accuracy of the model, and the ordinate represents the frequency of the model classification effect.
Fig 4.
Identification of different lipids in ovarian granulosa cells between mice in high-fed diet (HFD) and standard diet (CON) groups.
(A) Number of different lipids. Red and green represent increased and decreased lipids, respectively. (B) Volcano plot of the different lipids. The red dot represents 2-fold (right) and 0.5-fold (left) variation and P < 0.05. A total 228 of lipids with significant changes were identified based on differences between the two groups. (C) Histogram of the fold-change values of the top different lipids. Red and green represent increased and decreased lipids, respectively. (D) Heatmap of different lipids. The color is proportional to the intensity of the changes. Red and green represent increased and decreased lipids, respectively.
Fig 5.
K-means analysis of the different lipids of increased (A) and decreased (B) lipids between the two groups. The abscissa represents the sample and the ordinate represents the normalized relative metabolite content.
Table 1.
Top 10 different lipids from the lipidomic analysis of ovarian granulosa cells.
Fig 6.
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the different lipids of high-fed diet (HFD) and standard diet (CON) groups.
(A) KEGG classification barplot of different lipids. (B) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the identified different lipids. The rich factor represents the ratio of the number of different lipids in the corresponding pathway to the total number of lipids detected and annotated in the pathway. The size of the dots represents the number of metabolites enriched in the corresponding pathways with significant differences.