Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
Table 2.
Factor loadings of the General Hopelessness Scale items.
Table 3.
Psychometric properties of the General Hopelessness Scale at the item level.
Table 4.
Correlations between GHS, GHS subscales and the concepts used to establish their concurrent validity in Study 1.
Fig 1.
Factor structure of the General Hopelessness Scale.
Note. Ellipses represent latent variables; measured variables are represented by rectangles; error is not shown but was specified for all variables. ** p < .001.
Table 5.
Measurement invariance for the General Hopelessness Scale by gender for Study 2.
Table 6.
Correlations between GHS, GHS subscales and the concepts used to establish their concurrent validity in Study 2.