Fig 1.
Representations of the four conditions in the experiment for Russian participants.
Note. Upper-left quadrant: the word “tree” written in Hanzi and its picture aid. Lower-left quadrant: the word “tree” written in Hanzi and its translation into Russian written in Cyrillic. Upper-right quadrant: the word “tree” written in Pinyin and its picture aid. Lower-right quadrant: the word “tree” written in Pinyin and its translation into Russian written in Cyrillic.
Fig 2.
Experimental procedure (Translated into English).
Table 1.
Means (Standard deviations) for type of script, aid, and country in JOLs.
Table 2.
Full results from the ANOVAs for JOLs and beliefs.
Fig 3.
Interactions of Judgments of Learning for Number of Scripts X Type of Script (Panel A), and Number of Scripts X Aid (Panel B).
Table 3.
Means (Standard deviations) for the proportions of hits, false alarms, A′ and B′′D for the word recognition test.
Table 4.
Full results from the ANOVAs for the word recognition test.
Table 5.
Means (Standard deviations) for the proportions of hits, false alarms, A′ and B′′D for the word-aid recognition test.
Table 6.
Full results from the ANOVAs for the word-aid recognition test.
Table 7.
Mean (Standard deviation) for beliefs.