Fig 1.
Gross value added by the Australian industries during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Source: ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product September 2021.
Fig 2.
The volatility of Australia’s stock market index and 13 Australian sector indices, January 2020 –December 2021.
Table 1.
Market volatility across 13 Australian sectors using the ARMA-GARCH model, an entire period of 2010–2021.
Table 2.
Market volatility across 13 Australian sectors using the ARMA-GARCH model during the Covid-19 period, 2020–2021.
Fig 3.
Market volatility across 13 sectors in Australia, entire period 2010–2021.
Table 3.
Volatility changes between pre-breakpoint and post-breakpoint of 13 Australian sectors using the wavelet approach.
Table 4.
Spillover effect results of 13 Australian sectors.
Fig 4.
The total spillover effect of all sectors over the 2010–2021 period.
Note: The red line marks the date of 25 January 2020, when the first Covid-19 cases were recorded in Australia.
Fig 5.
Spillover effects of 13 sectors in Australia over the 2010–2021 period.
Note: The red line marked the date of 25 January 2020, when the first Covid-19 cases were recorded in Australia.
Fig 6.
The comparison of the Australian sectoral volatility spillover between the pre-and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Notes: Blue (yellow) nodes illustrate the net transmitter (receiver) of shocks. Vertices are weighted by the averaged net pairwise directional connectedness measures. The size of the nodes represents the weighted average net total directional connectedness.
Fig 7.
The comparison of changes in variances across various investment horizons for six selected Australian sectors.