Fig 1.
Flowchart for h-ASPSO.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagram of a basic AVR system.
Fig 3.
Step response of uncontrolled AVR system.
Fig 4.
Schematic diagram of a DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Fig 5.
Step response of uncontrolled DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Fig 6.
Block diagram of feedback control system with PID controller.
Fig 7.
Implementation of the proposed design approach for optimizing AVR and DFIG-based wind turbine systems.
Fig 8.
Convergence curves of ASO and h-ASPSO algorithms for AVR system.
Table 1.
Statistical metrics of objective function for AVR system.
Table 2.
The obtained PID parameters for AVR system.
Table 3.
Closed-loop transfer functions of optimization methods for AVR system.
Fig 9.
Step responses of PID controlled AVR system tuned by various algorithms.
Table 4.
Numerical values of time-domain performance indicators for AVR system.
Fig 10.
Bode plot of h-ASPSO optimized AVR system.
Fig 11.
Convergence curves of ASO and h-ASPSO algorithms for DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Table 5.
Statistical metrics of objective function for DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Table 6.
The obtained PID parameters for DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Table 7.
Closed-loop transfer functions of optimization methods for DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Fig 12.
Step responses of PID controlled DFIG-based wind turbine system tuned by various algorithms.
Table 8.
Numerical values of time-domain performance indicators for DFIG-based wind turbine system.
Fig 13.
Bode plot of h-ASPSO optimized DFIG-based wind turbine system.